What is the Correct Code for a Multianalyte Assay with Algorithmic Analysis (MAAA) Performed on Bladder Tumor Tissue?
In the realm of medical coding, accurately representing complex procedures and diagnoses is crucial for ensuring correct billing and reimbursement. One such complex area is the coding of multianalyte assays with algorithmic analyses (MAAAs). MAAAs are laboratory tests involving a series of steps, including laboratory chemical analyses, gene expression profiling, and algorithmic analysis, to generate a report with diagnostic or prognostic information about a disease, often cancer.
Today, we'll explore the intricacies of coding a specific MAAA test: 0016M - Oncology (bladder), mRNA, microarray gene expression profiling of 219 genes, utilizing formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue, algorithm reported as molecular subtype (luminal, luminal infiltrated, basal, basal claudin-low, neuroendocrine-like). This code is designed for use with a proprietary test that involves a complex laboratory analysis to assess a patient's bladder cancer and report a molecular subtype.
Use Case Scenario 1: Standard Bladder Cancer MAAA Test
Imagine a patient, Mrs. Smith, presents to her oncologist with a diagnosis of bladder cancer. The oncologist orders a comprehensive bladder cancer evaluation, which includes an MAAA test using the proprietary test represented by code 0016M. The test is performed on a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimen obtained from a biopsy.
The laboratory analyzes the expression levels of 219 genes using a microarray technique. These data are then processed through a sophisticated algorithm, ultimately yielding a molecular subtype of bladder cancer for Mrs. Smith. This information aids her oncologist in deciding on the appropriate treatment course.
In this use case, code 0016M would be the appropriate code to bill for the MAAA test. This code captures the complexities of the test, including the use of FFPE tissue, the number of genes analyzed, and the specific algorithm utilized. It is crucial to note that this code is specific to a single proprietary test and should only be reported if the specific MAAA performed matches the exact description in the code.
Addressing Modifiers in this scenario
The MAAA test may be reported with a few commonly used modifiers.
Modifier 90 - Reference (Outside) Laboratory
Question: "Should modifier 90 be added when the MAAA test was performed in a different facility?"
Answer: This modifier indicates that the test was performed in an outside laboratory. If the test was not performed in the oncologist's facility and the report is from an independent reference laboratory, then Modifier 90 should be added.
The oncologist's office might not be equipped to handle a specific MAAA. If the lab needs to send the patient's sample to a specific laboratory with the capabilities, the reference lab will bill 0016M.
Example: The oncologist sends Mrs. Smith's tissue sample to a national cancer research center to be evaluated using code 0016M. Modifier 90 would be added to reflect that the test was performed at the research center, a "reference laboratory".
Modifier 91 - Repeat Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Test
Question: "What should a medical coder do when a MAAA test is repeated on the same day?"
Answer: Modifier 91 would be added to indicate that the test was repeated on the same day of service as a prior lab test. This would happen if a repeat was deemed medically necessary. This modifier is primarily used for lab tests but can be used for other procedures or tests, including MAAA, to denote the repeat.
Example: Imagine a rare instance where the test results are questioned due to concerns about specimen integrity. To confirm the original results, the laboratory performs the same MAAA on a second FFPE tissue sample. Because the test is the same and the repeat is done on the same day, a modifier 91 will be appended to the code to represent the repeat.
Modifier 99 - Multiple Modifiers
Question:" What happens if a medical coder needs to indicate more than one modifier in relation to the 0016M test?"
Answer: Modifier 99 is added when more than one modifier is needed. Since the code 0016M is highly specialized and may be affected by a combination of reasons, the coder may use modifier 99 to properly denote both reasons for change in a more complex case.
Example: Let's imagine Mrs. Smith's insurance company needs a waiver of liability statement because this particular test is highly experimental. This would require adding a GA modifier (waiver of liability statement) for Mrs. Smith's file. Modifier 99 should be added when using modifier GA to inform the payer the coder is adding the second modifier. In addition, Mrs. Smith had the test performed at an outside laboratory and it would need Modifier 90. Since two modifiers are needed in this example, 99 should be added to show there is a second modifier appended to 0016M.
Conclusion for Scenario 1: By correctly coding the MAAA test with 0016M, along with the appropriate modifier, like Modifier 90, Modifier 91 or Modifier 99 when applicable, accurate billing and reimbursement can be ensured.